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APPLY FOR RESEARCH POSITIONS ON PAROLE BENEFITS In the United States, there are about 10 million people on parole. They were sentenced to time served in prison by a judge and served their complete sentence. Once they were released, they became a free person with no restraints or restrictions on their release date, meaning that often they can be out for years or decades before returning to serve the rest of their sentence. On the other end of the spectrum are those who have been sentenced to life without parole—an indication that their crime was so terrible that it warrants forever as an inmate. Over the last decade, however, states have begun to reverse this trend. Prison reform has become an emerging movement in the United States. One of the leaders is philanthropist and billionaire philanthropist George Soros. When he began pushing for prison reform in 1994, he was concerned about overcrowding and premeditation of incarceration. His coverage on mass incarceration then proved that the U.S. incarceration rate was higher than any other Western country, which presented him with an opportunity to rectify injustices for those who were deemed most at risk of re-offending—parolees. PARDON APPLICATIONS To apply for parole, prisoners must first receive a pardon from the president (or governor of their state). This is granted when the defendant has shown sufficient evidence of rehabilitation. To be eligible, the person must have served at least one day in prison and not be convicted of a crime of violence or drug offense. Also, there has to be a “substantial likelihood” that they can stay out of prison if they are released on parole. In an attempt to give prisoners a second chance, governors were granted the ability to grant parole without a pardon from the president as a result of a 1974 law signed by President Nixon. For those who were convicted before this point, their only chance at release from prison would come from obtaining a presidential pardon or having their sentence commuted by the President (for those who received life imprisonment). REFORM LAWS In an effort to reduce the number of people in prisons, states have been passing laws aimed at reducing prison sentences and increasing correctional rehabilitation. Changes have been made to sentencing laws as well as policies aimed at giving prisoners a second chance. When Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill in 2010, AB 109, it was reported as "one of the strongest sentencing-reform packages ever adopted." A new procedure has been put into place for hearing parole decisions by a newly created Parole Board. This board will be composed of five randomly selected members who must be selected from a panel of judges or attorneys that is independent of the Department of Corrections and the Prison Industry Authority. The Parole Board will convene to consider all parole applications submitted by inmates. The Board will then receive training for the new process, which includes training on how to conduct hearings for parole decisions. LOCAL PAROLE BOARDS The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation has also released a list of counties eligible to have their own local Parole Boards. These would include counties with populations over 200,000 or 100,000 in counties without larger cities. Under this bill, local boards would be formed by specific legislation in Sacramento. cfa1e77820
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